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definitive character

Толкование Перевод

1 definitive character

Биология: дефинитивный признак, признак взрослой особи

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > definitive character
2 definitive character

дефинитивный признак, признак взрослой особи

* * *

• дефинитивный признак

• признак взрослой особи

English-russian biological dictionary > definitive character
3 character

character

character 1. признак; особенность; свойство; 2. характер; качество; природа

character признак или свойство организма, определяющее сходство или различие между индивидами

acquired character приобретённый признак

acquired character признак, приобретённый организмом в течение индивидуальной жизни

advanced character прогрессивный признак

cenogenetic character ценогенетический признак

constellational character признак, обусловленный наследственностью и средой

defensive character защитный признак

definitive character дефинитивный признак, признак взрослой особи

developmental character характер развития

diagnostic character диагностический признак

discontinuous character олигогенный признак

distinguishing character отличительный признак

dominant character доминантный признак

ecological character экологический признак

epigamic character эпигамный признак

genetic character генетический признак

hereditary character наследственный признак

heritable character наследственный признак

hologynic character гологинный признак (передающийся только по женской линии)

incipient character зарождающийся признак

independent character независимо наследующийся признак

inherited character наследственный признак

innate character наследственный признак

killer character свойство "убийцы" (у парамеций)

latent character латентный признак

measurable character измеримый признак

Mendelian character менделирующий признак

mendelian character признак, наследование которого происходит в соответствии с законами Менделя

meristic character меристический признак

minor character второстепенный признак

morphological character морфологический признак

obsolete character нивелирующийся признак

obsolete character нивелирующийся признак, признак, который становится всё менее чётким в каждом последующем поколении

oligogenic character олигогенный признак

oligogenic character олигогенные признаки, признаки, контролируемые небольшим числом генов, ответственных за главные наследственные изменения

physiological character физиологический признак

polygenic character полигенный признак

production character признак продуктивности

qualitative character качественный признак

quantitative character количественный признак

recessive character рецессивный признак

recessive character рецессивный признак; признак, который не проявляется у особей, гетерозиготных по соответствующему аллелю

secondary sexual character вторичный половой признак

sex-controlled character признак, контролируемый полом

sex-limited character признак, ограниченный полом

sex-linked character признак, сцепленный с полом

sexual character половой признак

species character видовой признак

specific character специфический признак, характерный признак

threshold character пороговый признак

unit character элементарный признак, неделимый признак

unit character элементарный (неделимый) признак; признак, являющийся неделимой единицей наследования

English-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > character
4 character

1) признак; особенность; свойство

2) характер; качество; природа

•

- acquired character
- advanced character
- cenogenetic character
- constellational character
- defensive character
- definitive character
- developmental character
- diagnostic character
- discontinuous character
- distinguishing character
- dominant character
- epigamic character
- hereditary character
- heritable character
- hologynic character
- incipient character
- independent character
- inherited character
- innate character
- killer character
- latent character
- Mendelian character
- meristic character
- minor character
- morphological character
- oligogenic character
- polygenic character
- production character
- qualitative character
- quantitative character
- recessive character
- secondary sexual character
- sex-controlled character
- sex-limited character
- sex-linked character
- sexual character
- species character
- specific character
- threshold character
- unit character
* * *

особенность

English-russian biological dictionary > character
5 determinate

̘. ̈a.dɪˈtə:mɪnɪt
1. прил.
1) детерминированный, определенный, установленный;
заданный, фиксированный Determinate vapour pressure corresponds to determinate temperature. ≈ Определенное давление пара соответствует определенной температуре. Syn: established, fixed, definite, distinct Ant: vague, undefined, indefinite
2) ограниченный, имеющий предел Syn: finite Ant: infinite
2., unbounded
3) окончательный, решающий;
последний, решенный Syn: final
1., definitive, conclusive
4) полный решимости, решительный Men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic character. ≈ Люди холодного рассудка и решительного энергичного характера. Syn: determined, resolved, resolute
2. гл.;
уст. обозначать, определять ясный, определенный;
установленный - * order определенный /установленный/ порядок - * shape отчетливая форма - * variations закономерные изменения - in a * sense в определенном смысле окончательный, последний - * reply окончательный ответ решительный - * character решительный характер (ботаника) полузонтичный (о соцветии) (сельскохозяйственное) детерминантный( о сорте и т. п.) (философское) детерминированный determinate определенный, установленный ~ определять ~ решительный ~ решенный, окончательный

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > determinate
6 training

( боевая) подготовка; обучение; тренировка; наведение

ship-based training (for assault landing) — десантная подготовка совместно с кораблями и плавучими средствами

skill qualification (support) training — специальная подготовка по ВУС

— ab initio training

— abbreviated basic training

— abbreviated training

— academic training

— accelerated training

— active duty training

— ad hoc training

— add-on training

— administrative training

— advanced battle training

— advanced combat training

— advanced individual training

— advanced infantry training

— advanced training

— advanced unit training

— adventure training

— adventurous training

— aerial weapons training

— affiliate training

— aggressor training

— air weapon training

— airborne training

— aircraft recognition training

— air-mission training

— airmobile training

— air-to-air training

— air-to-ground training

— alerting training

— all-around training

— allied training

— all-weather training

— amphibious training

— annual active duty training

— annual field training

— antigas training

— antiriot training

— applied training

— apprentice training

— armor recognition training

— armor training

— armory drill training

— artillery training

— assault training

— attache training

— basic combat training

— basic training

— battle sound training

— battle training

— battlefield training

— bayonet training

— biological training

— bombardment training

— boot training

— border crossing training

— branch immaterial training

— branch material training

— cadre training

— career enhancing training

— catch-up training

— censorship training

— centralized training

— character guidance training

— citizenship training

— civil affairs training

— civil preparedness training

— classroom training

— close quarter marksmanship training

— collective training

— combat crew training

— combat environment training

— combat launch operational readiness training

— combat training

— combatant training

— combat-like training

— combined training

— combined-arms river crossing training

— combined-arms training

— common entry-level training

— common skills training

— common-track training

— communications training

— competitive training

— concurrent training

— construction training

— continental US training

— continuation training

— continuous training

— conventional training

— conversion training

— cooperative training

— cost-effective training

— counseling training

— counterinsurgency training

— counterpart training

— crash training

— crew training

— cross country driving training

— cross utilization training

— cross-attached team training

— cross-MOS training

— crossover training

— cross-rate training

— cryptographic training

— CW training

— cycle training

— cyclic training

— daylight night training

— decentralized training

— defensive CW training

— defensive NBC training

— defensive training

— definitive training

— demolitions training

— desert survival training

— desert training

— detachment training

— developmental training

— diagnostic training

— disciplinary training

— dismounted training

— dissimilar air combat training

— drill training

— dry training

— dry-net training

— dual-role aircraft training

— during-combat training

— dynamic training

— educational training

— enlisted training

— enrichment training

— entry-level training

— environmental training

— equipment training

— evaluator training

— evasion and escape training

— EW training

— Expert Infantryman Badge training

— extra training

— familiarization training

— field combat training

— field sanitation training

— field technical training

— field training

— fieldcraft training

— first-aid training

— first-assignment specific training

— fitness training

— flight training

— flying training

— follow-on training

— force-on-force training

— foreign area training

— foreign weapons familiarization training

— foreign-exchange training

— formal unit training

— formalized training

— fragmented annual training

— full-time training

— garrison training

— gas defense training

— gas training

— general military training

— give training

— go-no-go training

— grenade training

— ground attack training

— gunnery-oriented training

— hand-on equipment training

— hand-to-hand combat training

— Higher Defence training

— home station training

— hospital returnee training

— identification training

— inactive duty training

— in-country training

— individual basic training

— individual technical training

— individual training

— indoor gunnery training

— induct for training

— infantry training

— initial entry training

— initial skill training

— initial training

— in-job training

— innovative training

— in-residence training

— in-service training

— institutional training

— intelligence training

— intensive basic military training

— interactive full crew training

— interim refresher training

— interoperability training

— inter-service training

— intertype training

— intra-unit training

— job instruction training

— joint airborne training

— joint service training

— jump training

— jungle training

— language training

— laser-instrumented training

— lateral training

— leadership training

— lead-in training

— line training

— live-fire training

— low-level training

— mandatory training

— maneuver training

— march training

— marksmanship training

— mechanical training

— medical training

— Military Assistance Grant Aid training

— military justice training

— military operations in built-up areas training

— military operations on urbanized terrain training

— military training

— militia training

— mine training

— minimum essential training

— minimum individual training

— missile firing training

— mission related training

— mobile forces training

— mobility training

— mobilization training

— module training

— morale and tradition training

— MOS training

— motivational training

— mountain training

— mounted training

— multiechelon training

— multilevel training

— multinational training

— multirole training

— multitrack training

— NATO-oriented training

— NBC training training

— new equipment training

— night training

— night vision training

— no-light aided eye training

— no-light unaided eye training

— nonmobilized status training

— nonresident instruction training

— novice training

— nuclear weapon training

— obligation training

— observer training

— obstacle training

— offensive combat training

— offensive CW training

— officers' training

— one station unit training

— one-on-one training

— one-track training

— on-the-ground training

— on-the-job training

— operational readiness training

— operational training

— opposed forces/threat training

— organizational effectiveness training

— organizational training

— orientation training

— out-of-camp training

— outside of continental US training

— overseas area training

— overseas deployment training

— overview training

— paid training

— paramilitary training

— part time training

— phased training

— physical readiness training

— position specific training

— post-cycle training

— post-mobilization training

— preappointment training

— precommission training

— preentry training

— preexercise training

— premobilization training

— prepackaged training

— primary training

— prime time training

— process-oriented training

— product-oriented training

— progression training

— progressive training

— protective CW training

— radiation training

— Ranger training

— readiness training

— realistic training

— real-world training

— receive training

— reconditioning training

— recovery training

— recruit training

— recurring training

— redeployment training

— redundant training

— refresher training

— rehabilitation training

— reinforcement training

— remedial training

— replacement training

— reserve cycle training

— reserve duty training

— resettlement training

— resident school training

— rifle marksmanship training

— rigorous training

— rotational training

— safety training

— salvage training

— scenario-oriented training

— schedule training

— scheduled training

— security training

— selection training

— shipboard troop training

— side-by-side training

— signal training

— simulator-assisted training

— simulator-based training

— single-service training

— situational training

— ski training

— skill training

— small arms training

— small boat training

— small unit training

— sniper training

— soldiering skills training

— Special Air Service training

— special training

— specialist training

— speciality training

— specialized tactical training

— specialized training

— special-to-arm training

— stationary training

— stereotyped training

— stress inoculation training

— supervisor training

— survival training

— sustainment training

— syllabus training

— systems specific training

— tactical training

— tank common training

— tank gunnery training

— tank skill training

— tank training

— tank-infantry training

— team training

— technical training

— tower training

— toxic warfare training

— trade training

— training area training

— training extension course training

— training with limited resources

— transition training

— transportation training

— troop lift training

— troop training

— truck training

— undergo training

— undergraduate training

— underway training

— ungraded training

— unilateral training

— uniservice training

— unisex basic training

— unit training

— universal military training

— upgrade training

— upgrading training

— urban warfare training

— visual training

— vocational rehabilitation training

— water survival training

— weapons delivery training

— weapons training

— weekend training

— wet-net training

— wetshod assault training

English-Russian military dictionary > training
7 determinate

1. [dɪ'tɜːmɪnət] прил.; книжн.
1) определённый, точно установленный; заданный

Determinate vapour pressure corresponds to determinate temperature. — Определённое давление пара соответствует определённой температуре.

Syn:

established, fixed, definite, distinct

Ant:

vague, undefined, indefinite, indeterminate

2) ограниченный, имеющий предел

Syn:

finite

Ant:

infinite 2., unbounded, indeterminate

3) окончательный, решающий; последний, решённый

determinate answer — окончательный ответ

Syn:

final 1., definitive, conclusive

4) полный решимости, решительный

men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic character — люди холодного рассудка и решительного энергичного характера

Syn:

determined, resolved, resolute
2. [dɪ'tɜːmɪneɪt] гл.; уст.
обозначать, определять

Англо-русский современный словарь > determinate
8 specific

1. n специальное, специфическое средство, лекарство от определённой болезни

specific for rheumatism — верное средство от ревматизма

specific antigen — специфический антиген

specific capital — специфический капитал

hapten specific — специфический к гаптену

specific guarantee — специальная гарантия

specific allergen — специфический аллерген

2. n специальное сообщение

specific allowance — специальная норма

specific deduction — специальная сбавка

specific rate — специальный коэффициент

specific road — дорога специального назначения

specific commodity rate — специальный грузовой тариф

3. n детали, подробности

the legal and financial specifics of independence — конкретные юридические и финансовые вопросы, связанные с получением независимости

4. a особый, специальный

specific use of a word — особое употребление слова

specific one for emc — особое требование по ЕМС

specific treatment — специальный уход

specific reserve — специальный резерв

5. a конкретный

specific proposals — конкретные предложения

specific offence — конкретное, данное преступление

specific undertakings — конкретные обязательства

specific agreements — конкретные соглашения

specific act — конкретное действие, деяние

specific provision — конкретная норма

6. a характерный, специфический

specific distinction — характерное отличие

specific faults — специфические ошибки

specific acidity — специфическая кислотность

specific immunosuppression — специфическая иммуносупрессия

specific dynamic action — специфически динамическое действие

specific tariff — специфический тариф; специфическая пошлина

7. a точный, определённый, ограниченный

specific statement — точно сформулированное утверждение

8. a мед. специфический

specific medicine — специфическое средство, лекарство от определённой болезни

specific duty — специфическая пошлина

9. a биол. видовой

specific character — видовой признак

specific immunity — видовой иммунитет

10. a физ. удельный

specific consumption — удельный расход

specific acoustic impedance — удельный акустический импеданс

specific detectivity — удельная обнаружительная способность

ratio of specific heats — отношение удельных теплоемкостей

specific swelling factor — показатель удельного набухания

specific retention volume — удельный удерживаемый объем

Синонимический ряд:

1. distinctive (adj.) distinctive; individual; unique

2. express (adj.) categorical; clean-cut; clear-cut; decided; definite; definitive; explicit; express; positive; unambiguous; unequivocal

3. special (adj.) certain; distinct; especial; exact; particular; precise; set; special

4. detail (noun) detail; fact; item; particular

Антонимический ряд:

common; general; indefinite; nonspecific; unspecific; unspecified; vague

English-Russian base dictionary > specific
9 Creativity

   1) All Human Complex Problem Solving Is Creativity

   Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Models of Creative Association

   Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the inﬂuence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)

   3) Creative Innovation and Social Independence

   There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)

   4) Ego Strength and Emotional Stability among Creative Geniuses

   he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)

   5) Its Mundane Character

   he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)

   6) Mozart's Musical Ideas Came to Him in Polished Form

   From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)

   7) Scientific Theories and Works of Art Alike Originate in Fantasy

   Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)

   8) Self- Esteem and Creative Expression

   The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)

   9) Stages in Creative Problem- Solving

   In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)

    10) The Bisociative Pattern of the Creative Synthesis

   he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)

    11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder

   Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)

    12) The Inner Life of the Creative Process

   New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)

    13) The Problem of What Impels the Creative Person

   [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....

   Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)

    14) Theories of Creative Thinking

   A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....

   Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

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